CHINESESTAMP.ORG
中国邮票邮品术语 中英对照表
Chinese Philatelic Terms — A Bilingual Glossary
邮品名称 · 邮票本体 · 版式印刷 · 志号字头 · 品相分级 · 易混辨析
Products · The stamp · Format & printing · Prefixes · Grading · Easily confused terms
Products · The stamp · Format & printing · Prefixes · Grading · Easily confused terms
本网站恪守一个中国原则。世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
本页所录内容，仅供集邮研究、艺术赏析与文化传播之用，不代表任何政治立场。
编制说明。本表第一部分十六条，依本站 FAQs「邮品名称与定义对照表」逐条照录；第五部分品相分级，依本站
《Grading Standards / 邮票品相分级与评估标准》编制；其余部分为便于检索而续编。
凡本站目录、页面及下载资料中所用邮品名称，均以本表为准。中英文名称并列，任取其一皆指同一物。
Part I reproduces our FAQs table; Part V follows our Grading Standards; the remainder is compiled for ease of reference. Where a Chinese and an English name are paired, either denotes the same item.
一 · 邮品名称与定义对照表
Definition of Philatelic Products
Definition of Philatelic Products
以下十六条，为本站 FAQs 所载之正式术语，中英并列，定义完整。
The sixteen entries below are the official terms published in our FAQs, given in full in both languages.
| 英文术语 English term | 英文定义 English definition | 中文名称 | 中文简介 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Set of Stamps | A complete set of mint stamps of a definitive or a commemorative issue. | 套票 | 一套通用或为纪念特定事项而发行的未盖销邮票。 |
| Block of Four Stamps | Four stamps of the same stamp design of an issue joined by perforations, producing two parallel rows of stamps in any direction. | 四方连 | 用打孔方法连成四枚相同设计的邮票，由横直各两枚邮票所组成。 |
| Sheetlet | A small sheet of stamps comprising one or multiple set of stamps of a commemorative issue. | 小版张 | 一张附有一套或多套相同发行之纪念邮票的小型邮品。 |
| Souvenir Sheet | A mint miniature sheet comprising one or more perforated stamps, printed with a background design matching with the stamp issue theme. | 小型张 | 一张嵌有一枚或以上齿孔邮票的小型邮品，其背景图案配合整套邮票的主题。 |
| Information Brochure with Set of Stamps | A printed sheet with reproduction of First Day Cover, technical data and a text following the same theme, to which a set of stamps is affixed and cancelled with the issue postmark. | 连套票资讯单张 | 一张印上首日封图案、技术资料和一篇相关主题的文章，并贴上及盖销一套该发行的邮票。 |
| Information Brochure with Souvenir Sheet | A printed sheet with reproduction of First Day Cover, technical data and a text following the same theme, to which a souvenir sheet is affixed and cancelled with the issue postmark. | 连小型张资讯单张 | 一张印上首日封图案、技术资料和一篇相关主题的文章，并贴上及盖销一枚该发行的小型张。 |
| First Day Cover with Set of Stamps | An illustrated envelope matching with the stamps design, to which a set of stamps is affixed and cancelled with the issue postmark. | 连套票首日封 | 一个配合邮票设计的信封，并贴上及盖销一套该发行的邮票。 |
| First Day Cover with Souvenir Sheet | An illustrated envelope matching with the stamps design, to which a souvenir sheet is affixed and cancelled with the issue postmark. | 连小型张首日封 | 一个配合邮票设计的信封，并贴上及盖销一枚该发行的小型张。 |
| Maximum Cards | A set of illustrated postcards matching with the stamps design, each affixed with the stamp of the relevant subject and cancelled with the issue postmark on the picture side. | 极限明信片 | 一套配合邮票设计的明信片，每张明信片有图案的一面贴上并盖销相关主题的邮票。 |
| Annual Album | An album presented in an elegant hard cover, containing the complete set of stamps and souvenir sheets released in a year, and printed with technical data of each stamp issue. | 年册 | 一本采用精装硬皮封面设计的邮册，内载该年全年邮票及小型张，并印上每套邮票的技术资料。 |
| Annual Album of Souvenir Sheets | An album contains a full set of souvenir sheets released in a year and is printed with technical data of each stamp issue. | 小型张年册 | 一本内载该年全年小型张的邮册，并印上每套邮票的技术资料。 |
| Annual Album of Stamps | An album contains a full set of stamps released in a year and is printed with technical data of each stamp issue. | 邮票年册 | 一本内载该年全年邮票的邮册，并印上每套邮票的技术资料。 |
| Booklet | A miniature illustrated cover comprising one or multiple set of stamps or souvenir sheets, and brief information on the stamp theme. | 小本票 | 一册附有一套或多套邮票或小型张的小型邮册，并附有该邮票主题的简介。 |
| Presentation Pack | A special cover including a combination of products of the issue and printed with information and illustrations matching the stamp issue. | 邮折 | 一个内附不同种类邮品的特别封套，并印上配合相关邮票主题的图案和资料。 |
| Thematic Pack | A prestigious cover comprising at least two sets of stamps with the same theme, illustrated with special design matching the specific theme and printed with technical data of the enclosed issues. | 专题邮折 | 一个内附两套或以上专题邮票的精美封套，设计取材自该专题邮票的主题，并印上相关邮票的资料。 |
| Philatelic Book | A valuable and thematic book profusely illustrated and informative, which includes set of stamps and souvenir sheets matching the specific theme. | 集邮书籍 | 一本具有丰富插图及资料性的珍贵书籍，内附配合该特定主题的邮票及小型张。 |
二 · 邮票本体
The stamp itself
The stamp itself
| 英文术语 English term | 中文名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Stamp | 邮票 | A small piece of paper issued by a postal authority as evidence of prepayment of postage. 邮政当局发行、用以证明邮资已付之小纸片。 |
| Definitive Stamp | 普通邮票 | A stamp of a regular issue, printed in large quantities and on sale for an extended period. 常规发行，印量大、发售期长、图案沿用多年。 |
| Commemorative Stamp | 纪念邮票 | A stamp issued to mark a particular event, anniversary or person, usually on sale for a limited period. 为纪念特定事件、周年或人物而发行，发售期有限。 |
| Special Stamp | 特种邮票 | A stamp issued on a particular theme rather than a specific event. 以特定主题为内容，而非纪念某一具体事件。 |
| Airmail Stamp | 航空邮票 | A stamp intended for use on mail carried by air. 专供航空邮件贴用。 |
| Military Stamp | 军用邮票 | A stamp provided for the use of the armed forces. 供军队使用之邮票。 |
| Miniature Sheet | 小全张 | A small sheet on which a complete set of stamps is printed, generally retaining the designs and denominations of the original issue. 将一整套邮票印于一小张纸上，图案与面值通常与原票相同。 |
| Full Sheet (Sheet of Stamps) | 版票（全张） | A complete uncut sheet of stamps as printed. 印刷完成、未经裁切之整版邮票。 |
三 · 版式与印刷
Format and printing
Format and printing
| 英文术语 English term | 中文名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Perforation | 齿孔 | The rows of small holes punched between stamps to facilitate separation. 邮票之间为便于撕开而打出的成排小孔。 |
| Watermark | 水印 | A design impressed in the paper during manufacture, visible when held to the light. 造纸时压入之图文，迎光可见。 |
| Gum | 背胶 | The adhesive applied to the back of a stamp. 涂于邮票背面之胶层。 |
| Se-tenant | 连票 | Two or more stamps of different designs printed side by side and joined. 图案不同但相连印刷之邮票。 |
| Tête-bêche | 对倒票 | A pair of joined stamps in which one is inverted relative to the other. 两枚相连邮票中，一枚相对另一枚倒置。 |
| Overprint | 加盖 | A design or text printed onto an existing stamp, altering its use or value. 于已印成之邮票上加印图文，以变更其用途或面值。 |
| Surcharge | 改值 | An overprint that changes the face value of a stamp. 用以更改邮票面值之加盖。 |
| Variety | 变体 | A stamp differing from the normal issue in a consistent way, arising in production. 印制过程中产生、且可重复出现之差异。 |
| Error | 错体 | A stamp exhibiting a mistake in design or production, such as a missing colour. 设计或印制出错之邮票，如漏色、倒印。 |
四 · 志号字头
Catalogue prefixes
Catalogue prefixes
| 字头 Prefix | 中文名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| C-headed (JI-headed) | C 字头（纪字头） | 纪念邮票。Commemorative issues. |
| S-headed (TE-headed) | S 字头（特字头） | 特种邮票。Special issues. |
| W-headed | W 字头（「文」字邮票） | 「文」字邮票，1967–1970 年间发行，无志号。Issues of 1967–1970, without serial number. |
| N-headed | N 字头（编号邮票） | 编号邮票，1970 年代前期发行，不分纪、特。Numbered issues of the early 1970s. |
| J-headed | J 字头 | 纪念邮票字头，1974 年起恢复使用。Commemorative prefix reinstated in 1974. |
| T-headed | T 字头 | 特种邮票字头，1974 年起恢复使用。Special prefix reinstated in 1974. |
| Year-numbered | 编年志号 | 1992 年起改用「年份—套号」编年志号，取代 J、T 字头体系。Year-and-set numbering adopted from 1992. |
| R-headed (Regular Stamp) | R 字头（普通邮票） | 普通邮票。Regular or definitive issues. |
| H-headed (Happy New Year) | H 字头（贺年专用邮票） | 贺年专用邮票。Special-use stamps for the New Year. |
| HE (Greeting Card) | HE（贺卡专用邮票） | 贺卡专用邮票。Special-use stamps for greeting cards. |
| GE (Personalised) | GE（个性化服务专用邮票） | 个性化服务专用邮票。Personalised customer-service stamps. |
| FDC & Sheetlets | 首日封与小型张 | 本站目录分类之一，收录首日封及各类小型张。A catalogue category for first day covers and sheetlets. |
五 · 品相与状态
Grading & Condition
Grading & Condition
本节依本站《Grading Standards / 邮票品相分级与评估标准》编制。品相者，邮票保存状态之谓，直接关乎其收藏与市场价值。
This section follows our Grading Standards. Condition denotes the state of preservation of a stamp and bears directly upon its collectable and market value.
5.1 国际通用品相等级表
International Condition Grades
International Condition Grades
| Grade 等级 | Abbreviation / 缩写 | Description / 品相特征描述 |
|---|---|---|
| Superb | SUP / 极美品 | 图案完美居中，原始背胶完好无瑕，齿孔完整，色彩鲜艳。 Perfect centering, flawless gum, crisp perforations, brilliant color. |
| Very Fine | VF / 上品 | 图案微偏，原胶完整无修补，无明显缺陷，市场标准交易品相。 Slightly off-center, full original gum, no major defects. |
| Fine | F / 中品 | 图案明显偏斜，背胶轻微贴痕或微黄，无撕裂。 Noticeably off-center, small gum disturbance or light hinge mark. |
| Average / Poor | AVG/P / 下品 | 图案贴边，短齿、重褶痕或明显污渍，价值大幅打折。 Design touches edge, short perfs, heavy creases, or staining. |
5.2 影响邮票价值的四大要素
4 Key Components of Value
4 Key Components of Value
1. Mint Gum Condition / 邮票背胶状态
| 缩写 | 名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| MNH | Mint Never Hinged / 全新原胶未贴 | Highest value, untouched original gum. 价值最高，背胶保持出厂原始状态，未经粘贴。 |
| MH | Mint Hinged / 全新有贴痕 | Stamp has hinge mark on the back. 背面留有贴片痕迹，价值次于 MNH。 |
| RG | Re-gummed / 后刷胶 | Fake gum applied to conceal damage, lower value. 为掩盖缺陷而人工补胶，价值显著低于原胶。 |
| NG | No Gum / 无胶 | Issued without gum, or gum removed. 发行时即无背胶，或背胶已被洗去。 |
2. Centering & Margins / 图案居中度与边幅
| 缩写 | 名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| — | Perfectly centered / 正居中 | A stamp where the design is perfectly centered within all four white borders commands a premium of 20% to 100% over off-center copies. 图案在四条白边正中央（均等白边）的「正居中」邮票，溢价可达普通品相的 20% 至 100%。 |
3. Cancellation Quality (Used Stamps) / 盖销邮戳品质（信销票）
| 缩写 | 名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| — | Light Cancel / 轻戳 | Light, clear and dated postmarks are highly sought after. 信销票以邮戳清晰、图案覆盖少者为上。 |
| — | Heavy Cancel / 重戳 | Heavy, oily or blacked-out cancels diminish facial beauty and market price. 黑重浓油墨戳会破坏画面美感，降低收藏价值。 |
4. Paper Soundness / 纸张完好度
| 缩写 | 名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| — | Sound paper / 纸张完好 | Free of thinning, tears, pinholes, foxing or rust spots. 纸张须无揭薄、裂口、针孔、黄斑或锈斑。 |
| Thin | Thinning / 揭薄 | Thinning on the back reduces value drastically. 背面揭薄会使邮票价值大幅受损。 |
5.3 常见缺陷术语
Common Faults
Common Faults
下列术语用于描述邮票之损伤与瑕疵，为品相评定之常用语。
The following terms describe damage and imperfections, and are the common currency of condition assessment.
| 英文术语 English term | 中文名称 | 说明 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Thin / Thinning | 揭薄 | A area where paper has been scraped or rubbed away, visible as a translucent spot when held to the light. 纸张被刮薄，迎光可见透亮之斑点。 |
| Tear | 裂口 | A split or rip in the paper. 纸张裂开。 |
| Pinhole | 针孔 | A minute hole in the stamp. 邮票上之细小孔洞。 |
| Foxing | 黄斑（霉斑） | Yellowish-brown spots caused by mould or ageing. 因受潮或岁月而生之黄褐色斑点。 |
| Rust Spot | 锈斑 | Reddish-brown spots, often from iron particles in the paper. 纸张含铁质微粒氧化而生之红褐色斑点。 |
| Crease | 褶痕 | A fold or wrinkle in the paper. 纸张折皱之痕迹。 |
| Short Perf | 短齿 | A perforation tooth shorter than normal. 齿短于正常者。 |
| Missing Perf | 缺齿 | A perforation tooth torn or cut away. 齿孔残缺脱落。 |
| Stain / Soiling | 污渍 | Discolouration from dirt, oil or handling. 因尘埃、油渍或触摸而致之变色。 |
| Fading | 褪色 | Loss of original colour, often from prolonged exposure to light. 长期受光而致颜色变淡。 |
| Toning | 泛黄 | Even yellowing of the paper with age. 纸张随岁月整体泛黄。 |
| Repair / Restoration | 修补 | Any work done to conceal a fault, such as filling a tear or reinforcing a thin. 为掩盖缺陷所作之修补，如填补裂口、加固揭薄。 |
六 · 易混淆术语辨析
Easily Confused Terms
Easily Confused Terms
下列七组名词，形近而实异，常为初集者所混。每组并列中英说明，并点出区分之关键。
The following seven pairs are commonly confused. Each is set out with the distinction that matters.
小型张 / 小版张 / 小全张
Souvenir Sheet / Sheetlet / Miniature Sheet
| 小型张：通常只嵌一两枚邮票，带大幅背景边饰，边饰图案配合主题。 Souvenir Sheet: one or two stamps with an elaborate themed margin. |
| 小版张：一版含一套或多套邮票，边饰较简，近似小型全张。 Sheetlet: a small sheet holding one or more complete sets, with plainer margins. |
| 小全张：把一整套邮票完整印在一小张上，图案面值通常与原票一致。 Miniature Sheet: a complete set reproduced on a small sheet, generally as issued. |
加盖 / 改值
Overprint / Surcharge
| 加盖：加印图文，可能只改用途（如改作欠资、纪念），不一定改面值。 Overprint: any added printing, which may change use rather than value. |
| 改值：专以更改面值为目的之加盖。 Surcharge: an overprint whose sole purpose is to change the face value. |
| 即：改值必属加盖，加盖未必是改值。 Every surcharge is an overprint; not every overprint is a surcharge. |
变体 / 错体
Variety / Error
| 变体：印制中产生、可重复出现的差异，如色差、齿孔移位、纸质不同。 Variety: a consistent production difference, such as a shade or perforation shift. |
| 错体：设计或印制出错，如漏色、倒印、文字谬误。 Error: an actual mistake in design or production, such as a missing colour or inverted centre. |
| 简言之：变体是「不一样」，错体是「出错了」。 A variety differs; an error is wrong. |
新票 / 销票 / 盖销票
Mint / Used / Cancelled to Order
| 新票：未经使用，背胶可能完整亦可能已贴过。 Mint: unused, with gum intact or previously hinged. |
| 销票：经实寄，盖有真实邮戳。 Used: carried by post and bearing a genuine cancellation. |
| 盖销票：未经实寄，由邮政批量盖销后出售，多供收藏之用。 CTO: cancelled by the postal authority without passing through the post, chiefly for collectors. |
普通 / 纪念 / 特种邮票
Definitive / Commemorative / Special
| 普通邮票：常规发行，印量大、发售期长、图案沿用多年。 Definitive: printed in quantity, on sale for years, designs reused. |
| 纪念邮票：为特定事件、周年或人物发行，发售期有限。 Commemorative: marking an event, anniversary or person; on sale briefly. |
| 特种邮票：以某一主题为内容，不依附于具体事件。 Special: devoted to a theme rather than to a particular event. |
首日封 / 极限明信片
First Day Cover / Maximum Card
| 首日封：信封贴票，于发行首日盖销，重在「首日」之时点。 FDC: an envelope with a stamp cancelled on the day of issue — the point is the date. |
| 极限明信片：明信片图案、邮票主题与邮戳三者尽可能一致，重在「三者相符」。 Maximum Card: a postcard whose picture, stamp and postmark are made to agree — the point is the concordance. |
年册 / 邮折 / 专题邮折
Annual Album / Presentation Pack / Thematic Pack
| 年册：精装硬皮，收录该年全年邮票与小型张，按年成套。 Annual Album: a hardbound volume holding a whole year’s issues. |
| 邮折：单一发行之封套，内含该次发行的多种邮品。 Presentation Pack: a cover holding several products of a single issue. |
| 专题邮折：同一主题、两套以上邮票之精美封套。 Thematic Pack: a cover uniting two or more sets on one theme. |
七 · 编例
Editorial Rules
Editorial Rules
- 第一部分共十六条，逐条照录本站 FAQs 所载「邮品名称与定义对照表」，未作删改。
- 第五部分品相分级，依本站《Grading Standards / 邮票品相分级与评估标准》编制。
- 第二至第四部分及常见缺陷术语为续编，供检索与对照之用；凡涉及本站目录之分类与字头，以本站目录为准。
- 中英文名称并列者，任取其一皆指同一物。
- 凡涉台湾之表述，统一使用「中国台湾地区」等规范称谓；纪年一律采用公元纪年。
- 本页内容欢迎转载，请注明出处并保持内容完整。
I. Part I reproduces the FAQs table without alteration. II. Part V follows our Grading Standards. III. Parts II–IV and the fault terms are compiled for ease of reference; where catalogue categories and prefixes are concerned, the Catalogue governs. IV. Where a Chinese and an English name are paired, either denotes the same item. V. References to Taiwan use the standard designation “Chinese Taiwan Region”; all dates are in the Common Era. VI. Reproduction is welcome provided the source is acknowledged and the content kept intact.
本页所录术语，均依公开资料及通行集邮用语整理；疏漏之处在所难免，敬祈读者不吝指正 ——
如有发现，请通过本站「联系我们」页面反馈，以便及时订正。Compiled from published authorities and standard philatelic usage. Corrections are welcome through the Contact Us page.