Chronicle

本网站恪守一个中国原则。世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。本栏目所录内容，仅供集邮研究、艺术赏析与文化传播之用。

This website upholds the One-China Principle. There is but one China in the world, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. All materials presented in this section are provided solely for philatelic study, artistic appreciation and cultural dissemination.

编制说明：本表采【已核实】【存异说】【暂缺】三级标注。已核实者，均经公开权威来源核验，可供引用；存异说者，主干事实确定而细节诸说并立，并列异说、注明本目录之采择，不代为裁定；暂缺者，未取得可靠依据，留白待补，不为空缺年份填充一般性发行事项。完整发行细目，请参本站目录。

Note on compilation: entries are graded Verified, Disputed or Omitted. Verified items have been checked against published authorities and may be cited. Disputed items are certain in outline but contested in detail; variant readings are set out side by side. Omitted years are left blank rather than filled with ordinary issues. For complete annual listings, please consult the Catalogue.

由来。鸦片战争后，沿海沿江通商口岸陆续开放。各口岸租界当局或外国侨民团体自行设立「书信馆」，办理本地及相互间邮件传递，并各自发行邮票。一八六五年上海工部局书信馆首发邮票，其后汉口、烟台、重庆、福州、镇江、九江、厦门、芜湖、宜昌、南京等处相继设立，前后约十余处。

Origin. After the Opium Wars, the treaty ports opened one after another. Municipal councils or foreign residents’ associations in the concessions set up their own “local post offices” and issued their own stamps. Shanghai led in 1865; Hankow, Chefoo, Chungking, Foochow, Chinkiang, Kiukiang, Amoy, Wuhu, Ichang and Nanking followed.

邮品简述。各埠邮票自成体系，图案多取本地标志——上海用工部局徽记，烟台取烟台山，汉口取黄鹤楼等；面值、币制、齿孔各行其是，互不相通。印制多由本地或海外印书馆承做，版别繁杂，加盖、改值、试印样票甚多，为传统集邮与邮政史研究之重要素材。

The stamps. Each port issued its own series, bearing local emblems — the Shanghai Municipal Council arms, Chefoo’s hill, Hankow’s Yellow Crane Tower — with incompatible denominations, currencies and perforations. Frequent surcharges and trial printings make them a rich field for study.

历史评价。商埠书信馆系在不平等条约庇护下设立，侵夺中国邮政主权，是国家积弱时期的产物。一八九六年清廷批准开办大清邮政官局，翌年起各书信馆陆续停办，至一八九七年前后基本撤除。今之收录，为存其史料，非以其为正当之中国邮政。

Assessment. These offices were established under the protection of unequal treaties and encroached upon China’s postal sovereignty. With the founding of the Imperial Post in 1896 they were closed one by one. They are recorded here as historical evidence, not as legitimate Chinese postal issues.

由来。一九三一年日本发动九一八事变侵占中国东北，次年扶植成立伪满洲国，设「满洲国邮政」发行邮票。一九三七年全面侵华后，复于华北、蒙疆、华中、粤区等地扶植伪政权，各设邮政、各发其票。此类邮票随日本军事占领而设，随其败降而废。

Origin. Following the Mukden Incident of 1931 Japan occupied Manchuria and, in 1932, installed the puppet state of Manchukuo with its own postal service. After the full-scale invasion of 1937, further puppet administrations in North China, Mengchiang, Central China and Kwangtung issued their own stamps. They appeared with occupation and vanished with defeat.

邮品简述。主要包括伪满洲国、伪华北、伪蒙疆、伪华中、伪粤区五类。票面多标伪政权名称，图案掺用日本元素，印制工艺则多承日本及占领地印厂。发行、加盖、改值变动频繁，版别辨识为难，存世状况参差不齐。

The stamps. Five main groups: Manchukuo, North China, Mengchiang, Central China and Kwangtung. They bear puppet-state inscriptions, often with Japanese motifs, and were printed in Japan or in occupied printing works. Frequent overprinting makes the plates difficult to distinguish.

历史评价。此类邮票是日本侵华与扶植傀儡政权的直接物证，其存在本身即为中国邮政主权遭践踏之记录。一九四五年八月日本投降后全部停用。本站收录，意在存史备考、以昭来者：既供研究与辨伪之需，亦以此实物见证警醒后人，铭记历史、珍爱和平。

Assessment. These issues are material evidence of Japanese aggression and of the puppet regimes it installed; their very existence records the violation of China’s postal sovereignty. All were withdrawn after Japan’s surrender in August 1945. They are preserved here to keep the record and to instruct those who come after — at once material for research and authentication, and a witness in paper and ink urging later generations to remember history and to cherish peace.

由来。鸦片战争后，英、法、美、俄、日、德、意、比等国以保侨、通邮为名，在中国境内自行设立邮局，世称「客邮」；其所用邮票，或为母国邮票直接贴用，或加盖「China」「Chine」「中国」等字样后售用。此外，各租借地与铁路沿线另有其邮局——英国在威海卫，法国在广州湾，德国在胶州湾，俄国在中东铁路沿线，日本在南满及关东州，均曾设局发邮，并发行专印邮票。

Origin. After the Opium Wars, Britain, France, the United States, Russia, Japan, Germany, Italy and Belgium each established post offices on Chinese soil — the so-called “guest posts.” They used their home stamps, sometimes overprinted “China.” Leased territories and railway zones had their own: Weihaiwei, Kwangchowan, Kiaochow, the Chinese Eastern Railway, and the Kwantung Leased Territory and South Manchuria.

邮品简述。主要类别包括英国、威海卫、俄国、法国、法属安南、广州湾、美国、日本、德国、胶州湾、意大利、比利时等十二类。其票或为母国通用票加盖，或为专印之殖民地式图案，面值用母国币制，邮戳则多为中国地名之西文拼法。因邮局存废不定，加盖与改值极多，真伪辨析向为集邮界难点。

The stamps. Twelve principal groups, comprising overprinted home issues and purpose-printed colonial designs, denominated in the home currency and cancelled with romanised Chinese place names. Constant openings, closures and surcharges make authentication unusually difficult.

历史评价。客邮之设，未经中国政府许可，是对中国邮政主权的公然侵犯。一九二二年二月一日，太平洋会议通过撤销在华客邮议案，除日本在东北、英国在西藏之邮局外，各国在华邮局先后撤除。此类邮票今之存录，为邮政史与国家主权史之佐证。

Assessment. These offices were established without Chinese consent and were a flagrant infringement of China’s postal sovereignty. On 1 February 1922 the Washington Conference resolved to abolish the foreign postal agencies in China; most withdrew, with exceptions in Manchuria and Tibet. They are recorded here as evidence for the history of both posts and sovereignty.

本页所载时间节点，均经公开权威来源核验；邮品资料亦力求详实。惟邮史浩繁，疏漏之处在所难免，敬祈读者不吝指正 —— 如有发现，请通过本站「联系我们」页面反馈，以便及时订正。

The dates and period boundaries given here have been checked against published authorities, and every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the entries. Postal history is vast, however, and errors or omissions are hard to avoid; readers are most welcome to point them out through the Contact Us page, so that corrections may be made promptly.