J155, 90th Anniv. of Birth of Comrade Peng Dehuai《彭德怀同志诞生九十周年》

Stamp Title: 90th Anniv. of Birth of Comrade Peng Dehuai
Scott No: 2172-73
Serial number: J155
Values in set: 2
Date of issue: October 24, 1988
Denomination: 28 fen
Designers: Ma Gang
Size of stamps: 40*30mm
Perforation: 11*11.5
Sheet composition: 50(5*10)
Printing process: Photogravure
Printing House: Beijing Postage Stamp Printing Works

Peng Dehuai (1898-1974) was born in XiangTan, Hunan. Graduated from Hunan Army JiangWa School, he had been battalion commander and regimental commander of the National Revolutionary Army. In 1928 he Joined the Chinese Communist Party and led the PinJiang Uprising. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, he successively held the posies of army commander of the fifth Red Army,chief commander of the third Red Army,vice president of the Military Commission of the Central committee. When reached in North of the ShanXi during the Long March, he served as commander of ShanGan detachment, commander of the first Red Army. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he acted as vice commander of the Eighth Route Army, acting secretary of the North Bureau of the Party, Vice chairman of the Military Commission of the Central Committee and Chief of the general staff. During the War of Liberation, he was appointed to be the vice chairman of the People’s Revolutionary Army, commander and political commissar of the first field army. After the People’s Republic of China was founded, he served successively as the first secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Party, chairman of the political committee of Northwest Army, commander of the Northwest military area, vice president of the Military Commission of the central Committee and the National Defense Committee, commander and political commissar of the voluntary army vice Premier of the state Council and chief of the Ministry of National Defense.
In 1955 he was awarded the military of the Field-Marshal. On July 1950 he was wrongly criticized and punished at the enlarged meeting of the Central Political Bureau of the Party. In 1965 he acted as the vice commander of the big third route construction and was elected to be the member of the sixth to eighth Central Committee of the Party, the member of the Political Bureau. He died of the party, the member of the Political Bureau. He died of the persecution in “the Great Culture Revolution”. In 1978 his grievance was redressed and his reputation was rehabilitated.

J155 彭德怀同志诞生九十周年
2-1为“请为人民鼓咙胡”。
2-2为“彭大将军”。画面使人们联想到毛泽东对彭德怀的赞誉：“谁敢横刀立马，唯我彭大将军！”
发行日期：1988.10.24。影写版。P11*11.5。 40mm*30mm。 50(5*10)。 [G]。设计：马刚。印制：北京邮票厂。

彭德怀(1898~1974)，湖南湘潭人。1916年从军，参加过北伐战争。1928年加入中国共产党，同年7月领导平江起义，任中国工农红军第五军军长。11月赴井冈山与毛泽东会师。历任红三军团总指挥、红一方面军副总司令、红军前敌总指挥等职。参加了长征。抗日战争期间，任八路军副总司令、中央军委副主席。1940年指挥“百团大战”。解放战争时期，任西北野战军(后改为第一野战军)司令员兼政委、中国人民解放军副总司令。1950年10月任中国人民志愿军司令员兼政委，赴朝参战。回国后历任国务院副总理兼国防部长，主持中央军委工作。1955年被授予元帅军衔。1959年在中共中央召开的政治局扩大会议上，上书毛泽东，陈述他对1958年以来中共政策错误及教训的意见，　遭到错误的批判。“文化大革命”　期间遭受林彪、江青集团的诬陷迫害，1974年8月29日在北京逝世。

2-1为“请为人民鼓咙胡”。图案内容是彭德怀的头像和亲笔签名。设计者用深灰色冷调描绘人物肖像，突出了冷峻、威摄的气氛。“彭德怀”三字的亲笔签名苍劲有力，与人物头像浑然一体。图案背景为全白底色，画面右边出现一块由浅而深的淡蓝色，显得空间更加宽阔。人物的眼睛刻划得尤其传神，饱经沧桑、充满忧患意识。

2-2为“彭大将军”。画面上，身着元帅服的彭德怀俯视前方，仿佛正在指挥千军万马，神态安详而自信。由军事地图和由浅入深的暖灰色背景，渲染出战场的气氛，使人们联想到毛泽东对他的赞誉：“谁敢横刀立马，唯我彭大将军!”

许多的著作和文章,经常引用“请为人民鼓咙胡”的诗句，来描述1959年彭德怀在庐山会议上仗义直言、为民请命的无私无畏精神。那么，这一诗句源自何处呢？1958年下半年,当大跃进和人民公社运动中的高指标和浮夸风问题逐渐暴露出来之后，彭德怀曾于1958年12月回湖南考察。在他30年前领导起义的平江县,一位当年伤残回乡的老红军战士，在人群中悄悄递给他一张纸条，上面写着：“谷撒地，禾叶枯，青壮炼铁去，收禾童与姑，来年日子怎么过？请为人民鼓咙胡！”

最后一句在流传时曾作“我为人民鼓与呼”或“请为人民鼓咙呼”，那是错了。这位红军战士的诗是有来历的。《后汉书》载：“桓帝之初，天下童谣曰：‘小麦青青大麦枯，谁当获者妇与姑……请为诸君鼓咙胡。’”其下按曰：“请为诸君鼓咙胡者，不敢公言，私咽语。”就是说，这位老红军是请彭老总为人民私下里小声讲讲话。