Stamp Title: Maiji Grottoes
Scott No: 2769, 2770, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774
Serial number: 1997-9
Values in set: 6
(6-1), Buddha and Xieshi Bodhisattva, 50 fen, 30*40mm
(6-2), Xieshi Bodhisattva and his Disciple, 50 fen, 30*40mm
(6-3), Maid, 100 fen, 30*40mm
(6-4), Buddha, 150 fen, 30*40mm
(6-5), Xieshi Bodhisattva, 150 fen, 30*40mm
(6-6), Provider, 200 fen, 30*40mm
Date of issue: Jiang Weijie; LI Qingfa
Designers: June 13,1997
Size: 30*40mm
Perforation: 12
Sheet composition: 50
Printing process: offset
The Maijishan grottoes located along the ancient Silk Road near Tianshui City, Gansu Province are one of the four most famous grottoes in China. The grottoes were dug on a precarious cliff of the Xiaolong Mountain in the forest, and got its name because the mountain is shaped like a “piled wheat straw of a rural family”.
During the late Qin period in the era of sixteen kingdoms 1,600 years ago, the emperors ordered to dig cave-shrines on the cliff more than several dozens meters in height on which figures were created and paintings were done. During the Western Qin period, eminent Buddhist masters began to assemble there to teach Buddhist scriptures. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Maijishan Mountain had become a famous holy site of Buddhism, in which more than 100 caves were added, and more than 10,000 figures were sculptured. Huge grottoes thus took shape.
The Maijishan Grottoes have witnessed twelve dynasties after they were completed. Now, 194 caves are preserved, containing more than 7,200 small mud figures, stone sculptures and more than 1,300 square meters of frescoes. The sculptures in the Maijishan Grottoes demonstrate the contributions of Chinese traditional arts of sculpture to the Buddhist arts, they personalized the divine figures and made them vivid. The figures in the Maijishan Grottoes can be classified into mud figures, stone sculptures and stone-engraved figures, with mud figures as the dominant. Therefore, Chinese and foreign scholars regard it as the “museum of Oriental sculptures”.
- (6-1), Buddha and Xieshi Bodhisattva, 50 fen, 30*40mm
- (6-2), Xieshi Bodhisattva and his Disciple, 50 fen, 30*40mm
- (6-3), Maid, 100 fen, 30*40mm
- (6-4), Buddha, 150 fen, 30*40mm
- (6-5), Xieshi Bodhisattva, 150 fen, 30*40mm
- (6-6), Provider, 200 fen, 30*40mm
1997年特种邮票《麦积山石窟》
志号:1997-9。发行日期:1997.6.13。胶印。P12。30mm×40mm。
[D]姜伟杰 李庆发。[Ph](6-1、6-2、6-3、6-5)严钟义、(6-4、6-6)卢援朝。
[Pr]河南邮电印刷厂。
(6-1)T 50分 北魏·佛与胁侍菩萨 3149.25万枚
(6-2)T 50分 北魏·胁侍菩萨与弟子 3151.75万枚
(6-3)T 100分 西魏·女侍童 2521.75万枚
(6-4)T 150分 西魏·佛 2626.75万枚
(6-5)T 150分 北周·胁侍菩萨 2626.75万枚
(6-6)T 200分 宋·供养人 2521.75万枚
麦积山石窟以其精美的泥塑艺术闻名,位于甘肃省天水市东南约45公里处,是中国四大石窟之一。麦积山石窟建于公元384年,后来经过十多个朝代的不断开凿、重修,现存洞窟194个,其中有从四世纪到十九世纪以来的历代泥塑、石雕7200余件,壁画1300多平方米。
麦积山以形似麦垛而得名,石窟即开凿于山崖之上,原本互相连属,唐开元年间当地地震,遂将石窟分为东、西两崖,中间部分蹦毁。西崖存窟龛140个,主要为西秦、北魏及西魏的作品;东崖存54窟,北周、隋唐及以后的作品多集中于此。
麦积山石窟以七佛阁、万佛洞、牛儿堂、寂陵等最为著名。第4窟创建于北周,又称上七佛阁,为麦积山最为精彩的一窟。窟内第1-5龛眉上的五组飞天,为我国古代唯一的绘塑结合的作品。第127窟的壁画居麦积山石窟之首,所绘维摩诘经变气势恢弘,技法圆熟,被认为是后世维摩诘大型经变画的滥觞。窟中还有我国现存最大、最早、最为完整的西方净土变壁画,以及周穆王拜见西王母这种本土题材的作品。
麦积山石窟为我国著名石窟之一,位于古丝绸路上的甘肃天水东南麦积山上。因山高虽然只142米,但山的形状奇特,孤峰崛起,犹如麦垛,人们便称之为麦积山。据记载始凿于16国晚期的后秦时期(公元384年),距今已有1600年历史,石窟凿山而修,千崖万像,转崖为阁,这在我国的石窟中是罕见的。自北魏时期就开凿达100多所,造像达万记。自后隋、唐、五代、宋、元、明、清等都在麦积山有所建造。麦积山建窟后,经历了12个朝代,遭受过八次大地震,六次水灾,到今还留存近200洞窟和八座北朝崖阁,大小造像7000多尊,石刻造像47尊,壁画1300余平方米,其中泥塑造像以精巧细腻、形象优美,富有生活气息而著称于世。被中外学者誉为“东方雕塑陈列馆”。
麦积山石窟因建立在陡峭的麦垛形石山崖壁上,石质较疏松,气候较潮湿的麦积山而得名。该地区又是地震多发区,加上旧社会未能得到应有的保护,故解放初期可勉强登临的仅有部分较大洞窟,其它洞窟皆因栈道塌毁而无法进入,犹为严重的有53个洞窟自明代以来,有的甚至自隋唐以来就一直上不去。新中国成立后,从70年代初,党和政府对麦积山石窟分期进行了大量修复工作。新架设了栈道400多米,安装铁纱门窗200余合,制作洞窟防雨遮檐上百米,现在不但使因中间崖面崩落而隔断1200多年的东、西两部分洞窟重新连为一体。而且已使全山多达1830个以上的洞窟均可顺利通达。其中新道洞窟有50多个,使400余尊菩萨重放光彩。
麦积山石窟属全国重点文物保护单位,现存洞窟194个,其中有从4世纪到19世纪以来的历代泥塑、石雕7200余件,壁画1300多平方米。石质结构松散,不易精雕细镂,故以精美的泥塑著称于世,绝大部分是泥塑彩妆。麦积山石窟的一个显著特点是“峭壁之间,镌石成佛,万龛千窟。碎自人力,疑是神功。”
雕像大的高达15米多,小的仅20多厘米,体现了千余年来各个时代塑像的特点,系统地反映了我国泥塑艺术发展和演变过程。这里的泥塑大致可以分为突出墙面的高浮塑,完全离开墙面的圆塑,粘贴在墙面上的模制影塑和壁塑四类。其中数以千计的与真人大小相仿的圆塑,风格清新秀丽,极富生活情趣,被视为珍品。
麦积山的塑像有两大明显的特点:强烈的民族意识和世俗化的趋向。从塑像的体形和服饰看,也逐渐在摆脱外来艺术的影响,体现出汉民族的特点来。
1997年6月13日,为了展示中华民族悠久的文化遗产,邮电部发行了《麦积山石窟》特种邮票,全套6枚。







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